Mature Harappan phase (2600 BC-1900 BC): It was the period in which we notice well-developed towns with burnt brick structures, inland and foreign trade, crafts of various types, etc. Let us learn about this very important part of our history Materializing Harappan identities: unity and diversity in the borderlands of the Indus Civilization Brad Chase The authors take on the complex question of how Harappan or Indus culture made its presence felt in Gujarat from about the middle of the third millennium through the decline of Indus civilization six or seven hundred years later. Harappan people had trade relations within India, as well as with countries outside India. Foreign Trade. Evidence for this includes a massive, dredged canal and a docking facility discovered by archaeologists in Lothal (Western India). The Indus Valley civilization has been cited as having been the first civilization to use wheeled transport and boats. Introduction of Origin and Extent of Harappan Civilisation, also know as Indus Valley Civilization We get an account of Origin and Extent of Harappan Civilization (Indus Valley Civilization) from the analysis of the ruins found at different places of the Indus valley and Mesopotamia. Intensive agricultural production and large-scale trade played significant roles in flourishing of the Harappan civilization. The Harappan people used to trade with foreign lands traveling through seas. There are no written records for Origin and Extent Harappan Civilization. The elegant social structure and the standard of living must have been achieved by a highly developed system of communication and a strong economy. Harappan material, however, began to appear in Mesopotamia in the early days of the Indus civilization- Carnelian beads, for example, are known from some of the graves in the […] The heavy stone scales of Harappa recovered from the Persian gulf area is another proof of trade-links. ADVERTISEMENTS: Sumerian and Akkadian traders were active in the Gulf, there is no evidence that they ever reached farther south than the western coast of Magan. 29 figs. The photo below shows the Harappan … Other important trade items included sheep, goats, fowl, and cotton (Weightman 2011:159). Trade and Commerce. Transport: They conducted their trade … Shereen Ratnagar: Encounters: the westerly trade of the Harappa civilization. Here we will analyse the various facets of Harappan economy, particularly agriculture, crafts and industries, trade and commerce. Basic Facts about Indus Valley Civilization: Indus Valley Civilization was an ancient civilization that thrived along the course of Indus River in North-Western part of Indian subcontinent. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1981. The Mesopotamian texts of the same period refer to trade relations with ‘Meluha’ which was the ancient name given to Indus region. They had traded with Iran and Afghanistan for Minerals, while Lead and Copper were exported from India. The discoveries made at these architectural sights give us great insight into the lives & lifestyles of our ancestors. It is also referred to as Harappan Civilization owing to the fact that this civilization was first discovered in 1921 at the modern site of Harappa situated in the Punjab province, Pakistan. For sea trade, big boats were used. It was believed to be a hub of art and culture and architecture. The seaports found in Harappan civilization state that they were not bound to their own territories. - Volume 57 Issue 220 The button-shaped seals of Lothal are similar to the ones of the Persian gulf region. 294 pp. There are similar indicators to show the trade-links with Egypt. ADVERTISEMENTS: The Harappan economy was based on irrigated surplus agriculture, cattle rearing, proficiency in various crafts and brisk trade both internal and external. 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