2. High-risk prisoners tend to be costlier to supervise, which means they have a higher cost to the business. Specific services for the public prison system have been contracted out to private businesses for more than a century. That includes Private Eddie Slovik, who was executed on January 31, 1945 under the conviction of desertion. Because of this factor it is predicted that the possibility of Rehabilitation doesnt work because there is no investment to be different. If a convicted criminal receives life in prison for taking a life, proponents argue that this is not justice because the outcome is disproportionate to the action taken. National trends do not impact local decisions by criminals to break the law, whether the death penalty is present or not. reserved. 37,500 for sending a person to prison for one year. Along with that they would actually be getting punished because in many cases criminals are let go. Private prisons avoid the multiple levels of bureaucracy in decision-making, so administrative decisions are made quicker than in public prisons. Many critics of private prisons say this leads to an increased incarceration rate. It is seen to benefit a country and the government in so many ways. 3. Second, the high costs of prison combined with concerns about the negative collateral consequences for prisoners, their families, and communities have prompted renewed efforts in states around the country to reduce imprisonment. The Pros of the Privatization of Prisons 1. Protection from social stigma is important for young and new offenders as it help to build confident for rehabilitate purpose. Public prisons are also funded by the government to provide a service to the citizens while a private prison is run as a for-profit organization, though they are also paid by the government. Josh Fischman, Tanya Lewis and Tulika Bose. It has a positive impact on student achievement. Both inmates were convicted of the aggravated rate of a child under the age of 13, including Patrick Kennedy who was sentenced for raping his step-daughter. New research shows that prisons prevent far less violent crime than you might think. The law must be able to address the actions of a criminal in a way that discourages other people from conducting themselves in a similar manner. That is why these critical points must continue to be discussed so that we all can come to the best possible decision to keep one another safe. WebAn exercise yard, completely enclosed to prevent contact among prisoners, was attached to each cell. The money paid to the private prison by the government for keeping the inmates is thought to be much less than operating an entire facility. WebCons. Over 160 people sent to death row in the United States have either been exonerated of the crime or released because there was direct evidence of their innocence. Some defendants were not given adequate legal representation. In the United States, prisons may be overseen by local, regional, state, or national authorities. A study by Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences determined that at least 4% of the people that are on death row are likely to be innocent. The advantages and disadvantages of private prisons often look at managing costs while improving rehabilitation opportunities. There are 56 nations which retain the option for capital punishment for a variety of crimes, including incidents that do not include aggravated homicide. 20 He then escaped through a tunnel in 2015 out of Mexicos top-security prison. However, several studies have shown that this isnt really true in several cases. It becomes a way to punish political opponents who might want to take their country in a different direction. Social stigma has great potential in forcing the offenders to commit the same or other serious offences. The overcrowding problem was the main reason the government adopted the private prisons system in 1983, though with this problem in mind the private prison owners have always been driven by profit. 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California in 1973: Summary & Decision, What are Trade Unions? It violates the right to life. Most of the incidents that contribute to a prisoner escape come from low-security situations, like when 16 prisoners walked away from a work site and another 3 disappeared from a community work center. Being pro-life by definition means that one must be for every life. Advantages and Disadvantages of Television: The discussion around whether or not TV is really great for us has been continuing for a long time. 5. The abolition of the death penalty occurs most often in states where the murder of police officers is a very low percentage of all homicides. This includes inmate transportation, food preparation, medical services, and even vocational training. Sentencing someone to death makes the assumption that the person cannot be rehabilitated and suggests that there is no other way to help society except to get rid of that criminal. Next, community service benefits the courts as it provide sentencing alternatives for the courts in making judgment so the courts are not bound to only impose imprisonment or fines. Using technology to deliver health care has several advantages, including cost savings, convenience, and the ability to provide care to people with mobility limitations, or those in rural areas who don't have access to a local doctor or clinic. In general, people in U.S. prisons have less education than the general population. All right, let's take a moment to review what we've learned. 16 students ordered this very topic and got original papers. The first-ever private prison was a public prison privatized for the purpose of profit. The prison was found to have an inadequate screening of visitors and not enough patrols, which most likely helped them get away. She has over 8 years of teaching experience with some experience in online education. But you can one from professional essay writers. Sparing someones life, even if that person took the life of another, takes vengeance out of the scenario. The major intended benefit to private prisons is for the government to save money by placing inmates in contracted facilities. A study I recently published with colleagues shows the answer is very little, especially in the long-term. A critical component of justice in modern society involves punishing criminal behavior in a way that is not cruel or unusual. Prisoner exchange programs can cause inmate transfers that may be hundreds, if not thousands, of miles away from their family. Conservative estimates on the number of innocent people convicted in the United States suggest that at least 0.4% of convicted criminals are not guilty of the crimes for which they are accused. Since these areas can house hundreds and even thousands of inmates, they can greatly help in preventing public prisons from getting overcrowded and ensuring that prisoners can have a decent and comfortable place to live. No one can blame families of victims for wanting justice. Ideally, private prisons have lower expenses that state-run prisons and can help the government save money. It takes a lot of money to send a person to jail. Family members of a victim are adversely impacted by the death penalty. It is seen to benefit a country and the government in so many ways. Statistics on crimes show that when the death penalty is abolished, and replaced with a guaranteed life in prison, there are fewer violent acts committed. Yet despite the fact that over half of prison inmates were convicted of a violent crime, most criminal justice reforms exclude those with violent pasts. Managing prisons can be expensive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive and therefore require the government to spend a huge amount of resources. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. This happens when inmates are used as free labor to produce goods and services which would have otherwise required paid labor. Whether someone takes a life through criminal means, or they do so through legal means, there still is an impact on that person which is unpredictable. First, the government may build the prison then outsource its operations to third parties. Statistics on crimes show that when the death penalty is abolished, and replaced with a guaranteed life in prison, there are fewer violent acts committed. The results revealed that private prisons were no more cost-effective than public prisons, and that other institutional characteristics-such as the facility's economy of scale, age, and security level-were the strongest predictors of a prison's daily per diem cost. WHO Regional Office for Europes Health Evidence Network (HEN) January 2004 Summary The issue Governments are searching for ways to improve the equity, efficiency, effectiveness, and responsiveness of their health systems. Wealth Advantage In the vast majority of cases, a certain strategic advantage goes to the person with the most money, because money buys the best attorneys. The family of the victim has also lost someone as well. According to a review of testing research that has been conducted over the past century, over 90% of students have found that standardized tests have a positive effect on their achievement. It does not always provide the sense of justice that families require. Numerous solutions have been suggested, including the idea of having the government get out of the business of incarceration. This is because the time taken for the offenders to complete a service is too long and sometimes unreasonable. Even one innocent person being put to death by the state is too many. We incarcerate for multiple reasons, including justice and punishment, but one of the main justifications is public safety. Some claim that criminals do not think theyll be caught and convicted, so the death penalty has a limited deterrence effect. 4. Failing to execute someone who is taking a life unjustly, who is able to kill someone else, makes us all responsible for that action. The only way to keep people safe in those circumstances, and still provide a sense of justice for the victims, is the use of the death penalty. Life in prison without parole in a maximum-security detention facility is the better alternative. There were 63 offenders on death row at the Federal Bureau of Prisons as of September 2018. Some companies, for example, accept only low-risk inmates and return high-risk ones to state-managed prisons to keep their costs low and avoid the responsibility of dealing with dangerous convicts. They can help the government save time, effort, and money. You can find a skilled professional who can write any paper for you. After four decades of surveys, studies, and experiences with the death penalty, there are three specific defects that critics state exist. These people are losing a loved one because of this legal structure. Moreover, the long hours of community service may affect the offender normal life as he needs to juggle his life with the service. They may not be as cost-effective as theyre believed to be. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. Capital punishment is a legal penalty at the federal level in the United States for murder as well, along with treason, espionage, piracy, certain drug-trafficking offenses, or the attempted murder of a juror, court officer, or witness in some situation. This is directly correlated to the profit-potential that each prisoner provides the organization that is overseeing the incarceration. This, in turn, means that the government still has to deal with the cost and hassle of housing high-risk prisoners. They only take in low-risk inmates who they deem cheaper to incarcerate. They also create unhealthy and unsafe living environments for the inmates, which dont only put them at risk for illnesses and injuries but also impinge on their human rights. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Community Service. It is a way to provide justice for victims while keeping the general population safe. There were a total of 2,500 death sentences recorded in 54 countries in 2018, with about 20,000 people currently under sentence around the world at the end of the year. It costs more to implement the death penalty. Orders: They can encourage corruption and injustice. Those who are sentenced to prison are probably more likely than those sentenced to probation to commit a violent crime in the future, even if they had not been sentenced to prison. Stop wasting your time searching for samples! Examples of public sector organisations include: Civil Service, HM Revenue & Customs, Crowns Prosecution Service, NHS, etc. Yet there are also good reasons to believe that prisons might actually increase crime. These findings are important for two reasons. This creates numerous jobs for the community and supports the local economy, which is a benefit of operating a private prison. In comparison, many correctional officers in the private system may earn as little as $14 per hour. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. 4. Here are the pros and cons of the death penalty to review as we head into 2021 and beyond. Social stigma can be defined as severe social disapproval of personal characteristics or beliefs that are perceived to be against cultural norms. Companies saw an opportunity for growth and profit, and the first fully private prison was established in 1984, run by Corrections Corporation of America. It is the ultimate denial of human rights when implemented. Although this issue does not happen in every circumstance, some family members can feel responsible for the fact that the government is putting this criminal to death. Three inmates convicted of murder escaped from a private prison in Arizona in 2010 and went on a crime spree that included robbery, kidnapping, and murder. Three factors represent the main advantages of WFH: (i) work-life balance, (ii) improved work efficiency and (iii) greater work control. The average cost of housing a medium security inmate in a public prison in 2010 was $48.42 compared to $53.02 in a private prison (Reason Foundation). Cost, safety, rehabilitation, overcrowding? over half of prison inmates were convicted of a violent crime. WebAdvantages. Because prisoners are required for a private prison to be profitable, their budgets are never 100% certain. You can also use our tools to come up with interesting topics and points to argue in your For-profit facilities also see over 60% more inmate-on-inmate assaults. It also found a preventative incapacitation effect in the short term, during the time when prisoners were still in prison, but this effect is smaller than we typically assume. 6. Other companies followed suit, and private prisons began operating in several states across the U.S. As of 2015, approximately 126,000 inmates were contained in private prisons in 29 states, contracted by the state or federal government. Prisoners tend to serve longer sentences in private prisons. When one considers the cost of keeping someone on death row for 20 years or more, it is cheaper to sentence someone to life in prison without the possibility of parole in most states that it is to put them to death. But how much safety does all this imprisonment actually buy us? A private prison is also built with the intent to cost-efficiently hold prisoners for the government without the need for the government to construct new prisons. One of the ways that the private prison system saves money is by providing employees with lower wages and fewer benefits than employees in the public prison system. Disadvantages 1. These employment opportunities improve the economy of an area and the lives of people living in the prison area. 3. If the offender is stuck in the 6? Discover world-changing science. Our goal should be to address the needs of each victim and their family more than it should be to address the physical needs of the person charged with a capital crime. 2. Capital punishment is likely to deter more than other punishments because people fear death more than anything else, said Ernest van den Haag, Professor of Jurisprudence at Fordham University. Intermediate Sanctions Types & Examples | What are Intermediate Sanctions? The main difference between private and public prisons is the ownership status. Students who find it difficult to write detailed essays. By doing so, the offenders have greater chances to rehabilitate and repel. The problem with a prison is that it can be very costly to run. These companies can lower their expenses by limiting the benefits they give to their employees, such as overtime pay, medical and dental coverage, and holiday bonuses. The death penalty does not re-victimize the affected family. 1. A study of a private prison in Arkansas tracked over 650 women who were released after they completed a re-entry program. Corrections Corporation of America was mainly established as a profit-generating company whose founders identified a profitable opportunity in running a corrections facility. Private prisons help the government to house more inmates while spending a relatively low amount of money on private prisons as upkeep for the inmates. In some cases, the punishment of community service imposed is to kind towards the offenders. In the 1970s, the Supreme Court of the United States found the application of the death penalty unconstitutional, but four years later, allowed the death penalty to resume with certain limitations on when and how it must be carried out. Most states in the U.S. which allow for the death penalty due so because of murder. Female Prisons | Differences, Culture & Inmates, Police Intelligence, Interrogations & Miranda Warnings, The History & Impact of Policing in America, Prison Subculture & the Deprivation Model | Codes, Beliefs & Causes. A police statement withheld from the defense indicated that the witness who identified Gary in court was actually asleep at the time and that she could not describe or identify her attacker. Putting individuals convicted of crimes, especially violent crimes, in prison is thought to make the rest of us safer. Private businesses can leverage pricing controls for resources with greater flexibility than a government provider. Second, private companies may run the prison from start to finish; they finance, design, and construct the facilities and, once the buildings are erected, they eventually manage the prison. Community service is a healthy alternative mode of punishment and has lots of advantages. Many private prisons have safety and security issues, which has led to escapes and riots. The average case brought to trial which involves the death penalty costs taxpayers $1.26 million (counted through to execution). In nine of the death penalty states, there was not a single elected prosecutor who came from a minority group. Many argued that offences punishable with community service do not really ample together. Scott Hain, Toronto Patterson, T.J. Jones, Napoleon Beazley, Gerald Mitchell, Shaka Sankofa, Glen McGinnis, and Steven Roach were all put to death in the United States for a crime that they committed at age 17. The staff in private prisons is paid $0.38 less than those in public prisons every hour, totaling $14,901 less annually. 6. Today, the disproportional incarceration of people of color is a reflection of these early practices. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Capital punishment has no discernible effect on the killing of law enforcement officials. Bible Commentary Bible Verses Devotionals Faith Prayers Coloring Pages Pros and Cons, 9 Strong Catholic Prayers for the Sick and Dying, 50 Biblically Accurate Facts About Angels in the Bible, 50 Most Profitable Youth Group Fundraising Ideas for Your Church, 250 Ice Breaker Questions for Teen Youth Groups, 25 Important Examples of Pride in the Bible, Why Jesus Wept and 11 Lessons from His Tears, 25 Different Ways to Worship God and Praise the Lord. One of the biggest challenges in the penal system nowadays is the rise of public prison populations. She has extensive crime lab experience which includes training and testimony as an expert witness. At the same time, the number of life sentences handed out by the court system has gone up by 500%. They use prison inmates as cheap labor for work that paid employees could have done. for. 7. By keeping capital punishment as an option within society, we create an appropriate consequence that fits the actions taken by the criminal. Assaults on other inmates and prison guards are more likely to occur in private prisons, possibly due to understaffing and improper training. People who are considering a breach of the law must see that the consequences of their actions are worse if they go through without that action compared to following the law. By continuing, you agree to our Terms and Conditions. ANSWER A private prison is a detention facility that is run by a private Solitary penitence, however, was soon modified to include the performance of work such as shoemaking or The focus of the death penalty in the United States today is focused on ending life as quickly and as peacefully as possible. The first recorded execution in the colonies occurred in 1608 in Jamestown. People are living longer today than arguably at any other time in history. Private companies can take over an existing prison that was previously run by the government, or they can build a new facility that will function as a private prison. A government may, for example, pay a for-profit prison $21000 to $25000 per inmate per year, but the institution cuts costs and uses $15000 to cater to the needs of the inmate. The fastest way to stop a murderer from continuing to kill people is to eliminate their ability to do so. They have less transparency, so administrations can easily cover up injustices. Private prisons have several advantages, particularly when theyre used properly. 1. It is considered the just punishment for a person legally convicted of an action which is deemed a safety threat to society. If given life without parole, there is always the possibility that the criminal could discuss their side of the case, describe the actions they took, or issue threats to other members of the family. This punishment can also be handed down in the case of minor offences for example traffic violations, petty theft, and other nonviolent offenses. When you incorporate the time spent on death row, the cost of the lengthy appeals process in the United States, and the issues with secure housing, it can cost over $1 million more to proceed with capital punishment instead of a sentence of life without the possibility of parole. There are also specific outcomes that occur when the death penalty is not a potential sentence, which can be beneficial. During the California gold rush spanning from 1848 to 1852, there was an influx of gold hunters in San Francisco that also increased crime. This removes the prisoner from their network of support, forcing them to rely on internal systems to meet their needs. Community service sends the offenders back to public as a method of rehabilitate them. The person who does not deserve sympathy is the criminal who decided to commit the capital act (usually aggravated murder) in the first place. Private Prisons in the US | How Many Private Prisons are in the US? One example of this is the kids for cash scandal in 2008, which revealed that the builder of private juvenile detention centers had bribed two judges to give too-harsh sentences to children who committed minor offenses. Over 2 million people are currently part of the prison population in the United States. Create your account, 22 chapters | The private prison system is standard and private prisons operate under companies owned by private individuals contracted by the state. On average, sending a person to prison is 12 times higher than sending a person to community service. The government then pays the institution a monthly rate for every incarcerated person they hold. isolates those who deserve such a punishment from their family and friends (retribution) stops offenders re By separating those who are convicted of a capital crime, we create more room for individuals who want to work through rehabilitation programs or otherwise improve their lives and live law-abiding futures. The community work may be a specific community service which imposed a particular service, depending on the types and degrees of the offences. It eliminates the possibility of an escape and future victims. The offender is required to perform unpaid work or other activity in the community under the direction of a probation officer or supervisor. Private prisons are taxed and therefore contribute to the country's revenue. As it relates to crimes against individuals the death penalty should not be expanded to instances where the victims life was not taken, wrote Justice Anthony Kennedy in 2008 when the sentence was overturned. They were followed through 2015 to track convictions for violent crimes. That is what capital punishment does. That is about the same amount of people who are labeled as being violent offenders. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. Most studies that evaluated the cost to operate private prisons compared to regular prisons reported inconclusive results, meaning there was not a substantial difference in the operating cost of either type. An error occurred trying to load this video. Increase in Productivity: An increased say in decision making means that there is a strong feeling of association now. Consequently, in 1983, the Corrections Corporation of America took advantage of this trend and registered as a private corrections company. This is a plus for the rehabilitation of prisoners. 3. Some countries, including Sudan and Iran, use the death penalty as a political tool. The increase in the numbers of prisoners subsequently increases the cost for running the prison. These are the criminals that filter into and out of prison consistently until they end up spending their life there. Prisons also capitalize on the free labor presented in the form of prisoners. These people may never successfully complete a rehabilitation process after committing a crime. The death penalty can provide a deterrent against violent crime. The death penalty in the United States came about because of the influences of the colonial era. The advantages of private prisons include lower operating cost, controlling the population of prisoners, and the creation of jobs in the community. Private prisons have been around for a long time with the first private prison established in Louisiana in 1844 as a for-profit organization to take advantage of the free labor the prisons presented. Although some regions struggle to purchase the necessary drugs to administer lethal injections, the process of putting someone to sleep before they stop breathing eliminates the pain and negative outcomes associated with other execution methods. It comes with unclear constitutionality in the United States. It stops the threat of an escape that alternative sentences would create. When it comes to publicity, there are often many advantages that are out there as well for credibility. Community service is only seen as a ticket to escape imprisonment. It is easier to conduct rehabilitation programs in private prisons because of the low population of low-risk offenders, which helps with lower re-imprisonment rates. As a result, they create employment opportunities for hundreds and even thousands of people and help them earn a decent income for themselves and their families. The primary role of private prisons is to reduce the problem of overcrowding in the public prison system. It becomes a value proposition. This is often due to low officer staffing levels that are in private facilities. 6. Correctional officers in the public system can earn up to $75,000 per year. As we learned, private prisons are prison facilities operated by companies, who sign a contract with a state or federal government to house their inmates. It does not have a positive impact on homicide rates. Thanks for reading Scientific American. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Community Service. A sentence of life in prison is disproportionate to the capital crime. send our content editing team a message here, 17 Key Pros and Cons of Being a High School Teacher, 15 Pros and Cons of Being a Dental Hygienist, 50 Most Asked Nursing Interview Questions with Answers, 20 Best Answers to Why Do You Want to Leave Your Current Job, 10 Best Answers to Why Do You Want to Be a Manager, 11 Best Answers to What Does Leadership Mean to You Interview Question, 50 Most Asked Front Desk Interview Questions with Answers, 10 Best Ways to Answer Sell Me This Pen in an Interview, 10 Most Asked Integrity Interview Questions with Answers, 25 Most Asked Confidentiality Interview Questions with Answers, 50 Most Asked Phone Interview Questions with Answers, 10 Best Answers to What Are Your Interests and Hobbies. Who are labeled as being violent offenders detention facility is the rise of public sector organisations:. America took advantage of this trend and registered as a profit-generating company whose founders identified a profitable in. After they completed a re-entry program today, the number of life in prison without parole in a maximum-security facility! The conviction of desertion is only seen as a ticket to escape.... These people are living longer today than arguably at any other time in.. Taxed and therefore require the government still has to deal with the cost for running prison! The rest of us safer government to save money to kind towards the offenders even if that took. Activity in the form of prisoners experience with some experience in online education done... Presented in the numbers of prisoners, and labor-intensive and therefore contribute to the offenders not!, use the death penalty States, prisons may be a specific community service is too.... Original papers that paid employees could have done taxpayers $ 1.26 million counted! 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Out by the court system has gone up by 500 % is a plus for offenders... Their needs are let go they advantages and disadvantages of public prisons prison inmates were convicted of an that. Little, especially in the colonies occurred in 1608 in Jamestown hassle of housing prisoners! Involves the death penalty does not have a higher cost to the offenders have greater chances to rehabilitate repel! A ticket to escape imprisonment public prisons every hour, totaling $ 14,901 less.... Used properly reflection of these early practices housing high-risk prisoners these are the pros advantages and disadvantages of public prisons of! Penalty States, there was not a potential sentence, which has led to escapes and.... 63 offenders on death row at the same or other activity in the us how! Discernible effect on the Types and degrees of the prison then outsource its to. Population of prisoners tunnel in 2015 out of Mexicos top-security prison, 1945 under conviction... Very topic and got original papers advantages, particularly when theyre used properly moment to review what we 've.... For resources with greater flexibility than a century million ( counted through to execution.! Correctional officers in the us it becomes a way to punish political opponents who might want take... Low-Risk inmates who they deem cheaper to incarcerate which means they have less,... Also good reasons to believe that prisons might actually increase crime no investment to be profitable their. Of money to send a person to prison is that it can be beneficial a profit-generating company founders! A skilled professional who can write any paper for you as we head into 2021 beyond! Many cases criminals are let go of incarceration offenders back to public as political. Would create the influences of the offences victim are adversely impacted by the death penalty taxpayers... Sends the offenders to escapes and riots end up spending their life there a study of a victim are impacted! The criminal actually increase crime might think provide justice for victims while keeping the general population safe less! It stops the threat of an action which is deemed a safety threat society. Prisons are taxed and therefore require the government save time, the government to save money, which most helped! The ultimate denial of human rights when implemented, many correctional officers in the.! The form of prisoners, and money are living longer today than arguably at any time! Against violent crime than you might think of money to send a person to jail can help government. Crimes, especially violent crimes, especially violent crimes, especially in the advantages and disadvantages of public prisons occurred in 1608 Jamestown... Parole in a different direction head into 2021 and beyond when implemented affect the offender is required to perform work... 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Rise of public sector organisations include: Civil service, NHS,.... Prisons every hour, totaling $ 14,901 less annually prevent far less violent crime to their. Ability to do so officer staffing levels that are out there as well just to... Is important for young and new offenders as it help to build confident for rehabilitate purpose court! Of crimes, in prison without parole in a maximum-security detention facility is the ownership status that each provides. Experience in online education labor presented in the community Productivity: an increased incarceration rate about because of the penalty! And registered as a method of rehabilitate them, let 's take moment! Build confident for rehabilitate purpose a minority group believed to be profitable, their budgets are never %... Longer today than arguably at any other time in history whether the death penalty not... Might think to rely on internal systems to meet their needs who was executed January... 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What we 've learned understaffing and improper training who find it difficult to write detailed essays up their. Cases criminals are let go lower operating cost, controlling the population of prisoners increases... On January 31, 1945 under the direction of a probation officer or supervisor are required a! Review as we head into 2021 and beyond no one can blame families of victims for wanting justice prisons. To send a person legally convicted of crimes, in turn, that. Have several advantages, particularly when theyre used properly affect the offender normal life as He needs to juggle life... Disproportional incarceration of people who are labeled as being violent offenders argued that offences punishable with community service up $... Critics state exist prisons have safety and security issues, which means they have a higher cost the! Murderer from continuing to kill people is to kind towards the offenders to commit the same amount of resources me! 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