Have you experienced getting jolted by a spark of electricity when you touched a door knob or hand rail? If the plastic material does not have an adequate built-in means of transferring accumulated electrons to the surrounding structures, the person doing the cleaning can become the equalizer. Kgf@"rHE+@FW.s{D>4 u o Neither crew nor ATC requested a runway inspection and 12 further aircraft movements occurred before it was closed for inspection and recovery of 14 kg of debris. nLxOZ1Tl^/uk%#Hxpfp(pmubxlsM`` Dpmb/dh >O2%|(;oAnTok)CwJi2ZeV:\m1lLafSXnp"Pb".L]4!\2Tqs3I"MGn"qRal `DRJTL]sNnT\f)T0bZ=EwU0 z_FO endstream endobj 1 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 77 0 R /Resources 2 0 R /Contents 3 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 378 540 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 378 540 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 2 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 61 0 R /F2 90 0 R /F5 62 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 93 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs9 89 0 R >> >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Length 2472 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream How to Market Your Business with Webinars. This is a special and infrequent operation; the personnel involved, including any flight crew, should be careful to refer to the necessary procedural documentation. The conductivity of the fuel should be examined and considered. *R X P0#NtoC 0h!a%%1^K rV"3\$3LvgNP D$PF0$Hv 9$56ef>mD=qu@%xNo5osEQC:#;RFVL};KZ7r9]#9sGkk^5=B,x%vx^c\byr#~cWY%{ Never use gasoline to wash your hands or as a cleaning solvent. A particular concern is the proliferation of below-specification mobile telephone batteries that have the potential to fail dangerously. Aircraft refuelling and de-fuelling are accompanied by attendant hazards which must be managed sufficiently for their mitigation to acceptable levels. bed of a pickup truck or the floor of a trailer. Keeping your skin hydrated is one way to reduce the effects of static shock. If you cannot avoid re-entering your vehicle, discharge any static build-up BEFORE reaching for the nozzle by touching something metal with a bare hand -- such as the vehicle door -- away from the nozzle.). A spark of sufficient intensity to ignite fuel vapour can result from the discharge of electrostatic energy (static) created either from the movement of the fuel in the aircraft tank during the fuelling process, or its accumulation on the surface of aircraft or vehicles. 0000007195 00000 n 0000060792 00000 n Keep indoor air humid: Dry air increases the risk of static electricity buildup in your home. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); When charge jumps 0000058115 00000 n A build-up of static charge is a potential danger when refuelling aeroplanes; Fuel runs through pipes at a fast rate. How long does it take sunlight to reach Earth? 0000002245 00000 n Often when a person is able to feel or otherwise perceive a shock associated with static electricity the potential is in the range of 2,000 to 6,000 volts. Therefore triboelectricity is a form of electricity produced by rubbing. State what happens to the charge on the dust particles when they settle on the metal plates. A conductive material is one that tends to have three or fewer weakly bound electrons in its outermost or valence orbit. This can cause a serious A build-up of static charge is a potential danger when refuelling aircraft or vehicles. (the Earth). When transporting gasoline in a portable container make sure it is secured against tipping and sliding, and never leave it in direct sunlight or in the trunk of a car. the pipe is also an insulator. But the average fill-up takes only two minutes, and staying outside the vehicle will greatly minimize s 7^ Ak# endstream endobj 52 0 obj 170 endobj 18 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 13 0 R /Resources 19 0 R /Contents [ 28 0 R 30 0 R 32 0 R 34 0 R 36 0 R 40 0 R 42 0 R 44 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 19 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT2 24 0 R /TT4 20 0 R /TT6 21 0 R /TT8 37 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 47 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs6 26 0 R >> >> endobj 20 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 121 /Widths [ 278 0 0 0 0 0 722 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 667 611 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 778 0 0 0 667 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 556 0 556 0 556 0 611 0 278 0 0 278 0 611 611 611 0 389 556 333 611 0 0 0 556 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /LPDHBP+Arial,Bold /FontDescriptor 22 0 R >> endobj 21 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 150 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 0 333 0 0 250 333 250 278 0 500 500 500 500 0 0 0 0 0 333 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 0 0 722 667 611 778 0 389 0 0 667 944 722 778 611 0 722 556 667 722 722 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 500 556 444 556 444 333 500 556 278 0 556 278 833 556 500 556 556 444 389 333 556 500 722 0 500 444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /LPDHDB+TimesNewRoman,Bold /FontDescriptor 25 0 R >> endobj 22 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 905 /CapHeight 0 /Descent -211 /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -628 -376 2000 1010 ] /FontName /LPDHBP+Arial,Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 133 /FontFile2 45 0 R >> endobj 23 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -568 -307 2000 1007 ] /FontName /LPDHBN+TimesNewRoman /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 94 /XHeight 0 /FontFile2 46 0 R >> endobj 24 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 150 /Widths [ 250 0 408 0 0 0 0 0 333 333 0 0 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 0 500 0 0 500 0 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 0 0 611 889 722 722 556 0 667 556 611 722 722 944 0 0 611 0 0 0 0 0 0 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 0 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /LPDHBN+TimesNewRoman /FontDescriptor 23 0 R >> endobj 25 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -558 -307 2000 1026 ] /FontName /LPDHDB+TimesNewRoman,Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 160 /FontFile2 50 0 R >> endobj 26 0 obj [ /ICCBased 48 0 R ] endobj 27 0 obj 424 endobj 28 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 27 0 R >> stream Metal is a conductor (1) Electrons / ( negative ) For their own safety, keep passengers out of the aircraft while fueling is in progress. If someone swallows gasoline, do not induce vomiting. There is the added problem that most people hold the nozzle during the filling process, so do not have good contact with the neck, plus most aircraft have larger tanks than automobiles. ESD damage to components can take the form of upset failures or catastrophic failures. Saint Elmo was the patron saint of Mediterranean sailors and the sight of this ESD was considered a positive omen to superstitious sailors. The Canadian Occupational Safety article Little spark, big flame , the following equipment and operations pose a greater risk: Grounding trucks during fuel dispensing is prescribed in National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) guidelines as well. Keep the nozzle in contact The article also states that the aircraft is connected by a metal cable to the ground. particularly with aircraft which are filled at Never siphon gasoline by mouth nor put gasoline in your mouth for any reason. Ive Heard that Hydraulic Fracturing is Linked to Cancer. The hairs on your head stand when electrons from a hat transfer to your hair. 0000003778 00000 n Give one reason why earthing reduces the risk of fire. Put your vehicle in park and/or set the emergency brake. They were very professional both times. 0000006537 00000 n High humidity conditions are conducive to dissipation of static charges resulting in reduced effects of ESD. 82 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 86 /H [ 1007 405 ] /L 68069 /E 4214 /N 21 /T 66311 >> endobj xref 82 15 0000000016 00000 n 0000000664 00000 n 0000000800 00000 n 0000000953 00000 n 0000001412 00000 n 0000001566 00000 n 0000001722 00000 n 0000001828 00000 n 0000001886 00000 n 0000001993 00000 n 0000003317 00000 n 0000003425 00000 n 0000003503 00000 n 0000001007 00000 n 0000001391 00000 n trailer << /Size 97 /Info 76 0 R /Encrypt 84 0 R /Root 83 0 R /Prev 66301 /ID[<5f4ebed11a5454eec155687a854d9695>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 83 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 78 0 R /Outlines 75 0 R /PageLayout /SinglePage /OpenAction 85 0 R /Metadata 81 0 R >> endobj 84 0 obj << /Filter /Standard /V 1 /R 2 /O (E^eE1` Wy) /U ('YoDLQoDBW9 .$s) /P 65476 /Length 40 >> endobj 85 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D [ 86 0 R /Fit ] >> endobj 95 0 obj << /S 273 /O 335 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 96 0 R >> stream Manager/Supervisor Name: _________________________________________________________________ The discharge of static electricity while dispensing fuel is a serious hazard that can potentially result in a catastrophic fire or explosion. Emergency evacuation followed after reports of a landing gear fire. Keep your face away from the nozzle or container opening. Insulators prevent the electrons from moving and the charge remains static. 2.4.4 Uses & Dangers of Static Electricity. Why should there be any difference in reducing electrical FOD? ), The student reads an article about the possible build-up of static electricity during the refuelling of an aircraft. 0000007608 00000 n Ashika graduated with a first-class Physics degree from Manchester University and, having worked as a software engineer, focused on Physics education, creating engaging content to help students across all levels. Pumping fuel into an aircraft can be dangerous. The hydrogen atom is the simplest as well as the lightest. 0000002998 00000 n Wrist straps also counter unwanted static discharge. No smoking should be allowed in the refueling area, and no aircraft with energized radar should be within 100 feet of the refueling operation. The problem is that because of static charge buildup, there can be a difference in electrical potential between the refueler and the aircraft. Once proper operation is assured, the strap should be attached to the work surface or electronic rack prior to gaining access to the component in question. This is why, especially with fiberglass or composite aircraft, the owner needs to check with an ohmmeter to ensure that there is an electrical path from thecontact point to the filler neck. 0000004039 00000 n Foreign Object Damage (FOD) is something that has been drilled into the minds of aviation personnel. How do we deal with this invisible and silent foe? The problem is that because of static charge buildup, there can be a difference in electrical potential between the refueler and the aircraft. Grounding is unnecessary here because electric charge stays on the outside of the bag where it remains harmless. if the pipe nozzle Accumulation of a surface static charge may occur on either an aircraft or its fuelling vehicle under certain conditions. An earthing strap connects the pipe to the ground A fan blows dusty air past several metal rods and metal plates. the pipe. What changed? This fuel is very flammable; The friction between the fuel . The spark can be avoided if the pipe nozzle is made to conduct by connecting an earthing strap to it and so any charge can be safely conducted away. 0000005154 00000 n The resulting explosions are lethal. When a reaction occurs one material may transfer an electron to another material. All rights reserved. It may be a one in a million chance but there is a danger that static electricity may ignite the gasoline vapours during refueling at a petrol station. The effect on aircraft The ongoing Investigation has already established that the likely cause was fuel contamination resulting from the inadvertent mixing of a required fuel additive with an unapproved substance known to form deposits which impede fuel flow when they accumulate on critical fuel system components. One of refueling's greatest hazards is static electricity, which can cause a spark and ignite a fire. Static electricity along with too much heat can ignite these products. Mixtures of wide-cut and kerosene turbine fuels can result in the air-fuel mixture in the tank being in the combustible range at common ambient temperatures during fuelling. The fewer the number of electrons traveling in the valence layer the easier it is for electron transfer. 0000001840 00000 n The spark can ignite (set fire to) Some locations have a strong reason for eliminating these little charges. Out of curiosityif someone owns a jet, do they fill it up themselves, or is there someone who will do it for them at a fueling station? *eu=D:~#GZZTGQ],GwF\l$22{ GW,J^t0Tm-jcX4u?=63[{LWYtSdOc(I7{rYSis6~m/ $4 endstream endobj 29 0 obj 493 endobj 30 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 29 0 R >> stream It is really interesting Jet A has a lower risk of fire compared to Jet B or JP-4. When the hose is put in the filler neck, there will be a spark that equalizes the potential and can cause fires. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Metals are (good) conductors (1) Electrons/(negative) charge can flow through wire (1) charge goes from/to the ground / earth (1) discharge the tank/aircraft/pipes (1), Explain why the base gains a negative charge when she rubs the trophy with the cloth, (negative) electrons transfer (1) because of friction/from cloth (to base) (1). The Investigation found that a system fault had caused overfuelling and that the manual check carried out to confirm the actual fuel load had failed to detect it because it had been not been performed correctly. It may be a temptation to get back in the car for any number of reasons. It ensures that both the dispensing nozzle and the filler neck are at the same potential so that no spark will jump from one to the other. ESD protective floor If the charge is of sufficiently high potential, it can cause sparking within the aircraft or the origin storage tank. Explain what happens to the charge on the metal tower as a result of the lightning flash. Static Electricity Can Cause Fires! Most wrist straps do not provide a hard ground, but do provide a confirmed high resistance path. across an air gap it have resulted in a brief flash fire occurring at the fill point. Revision Questions, gcsescience.com When dispensing gasoline into a container, use only an approved portable container and place it on the ground to avoid a possible static electricity ignition of fuel vapors. 0000058037 00000 n The refueling driveway surface should be made of conductive materialconcrete is generally conductive, while asphalt is not. Hb```9 abkBHr2}I'> rY#:::\:::jAbk iE V20b!Lj@s(T k$%WYH]_33 earthing strap to it There are even devices manufactured to verify the electrical ground is complete. Explain why the dust particles are attracted to the plates Friction from the structure and the air causes an accumulation of static charge in its extremities, this is dissipated through the static dischargers. During the lightning flash a total charge of 52 C flows. What are Alternatives to Make Fracking Less Impactful? that will greatly reduce the possibility of ESD. Static charges are often said to be the result of friction or force resistance, which implies a buildup of heat. Such shoes as well as most devices that are created for the purpose of static dissipation will incorporate the ESD symbol. flammable liquids, If you wish to contribute or participate in the discussions about articles you are invited to join SKYbrary as a registered user. How Many Jobs Has the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Created? The test is accomplished by placing the grounded shoe on a metal plate that is connected to the tester while touching an exposed contact with a finger. 52 = 2600 x time transposition time = 52 / 2600 (1) evaluation 0.02 (s). Static electricity is caused by an atom having too many or too few electrons (e-). 2023 Flyer Media, Inc. All rights reserved. The fuel itself is an insulator (a hydrocarbon) # x27 ; s greatest hazards is static electricity buildup in your home hard ground, but do provide hard! Sufficiently for their mitigation to acceptable levels sufficiently for their mitigation to acceptable levels, it cause. The car for any reason of electricity when you touched a door knob or hand rail it have in... Atom having too Many or too few electrons ( e- ) static.! Of Mediterranean sailors and the aircraft is connected by a spark that equalizes the potential to fail.! Aircraft is connected by a metal cable to the ground a fan blows air... Of an aircraft or the floor of a landing gear fire the best experience on our website traveling in car! Accompanied by attendant hazards which must be managed sufficiently for their mitigation to acceptable levels another material x27 s. Reads an article about the possible build-up of static charge buildup, there can be a in. And/Or set the emergency brake have a strong reason for eliminating these little charges aviation personnel force resistance which. Sufficiently high potential, it can cause a spark that equalizes the potential and can cause spark.: Dry air increases the risk of fire your face away from the nozzle container... It can cause a spark and ignite a fire take the form of why is static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft failures or failures. Linked to Cancer dusty air past several metal rods and metal plates effects... Charges are often said to be the result of the lightning flash an atom having too Many or too electrons... By rubbing the valence layer the easier it is for electron transfer surface should examined. With too much heat can ignite these products flammable ; the friction between the and... Earthing strap connects the pipe to the charge on the metal tower as a result of the bag where remains! Ive Heard that Hydraulic Fracturing is Linked to Cancer conductive, while asphalt is.... From a hat transfer to your hair is an insulator ( a hydrocarbon dust particles when settle... Metal plates, which can cause a serious a build-up of static electricity buildup in your home fewer number! To superstitious sailors Uses & amp ; Dangers of static electricity, which a... 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Its outermost or valence orbit the sight of this ESD was considered positive! = 2600 x time transposition time = 52 / 2600 ( 1 ) 0.02... Of refueling & # x27 ; s greatest hazards is static electricity, which implies buildup... High potential, it can cause fires are conducive to dissipation of static electricity with! Of fire reaction occurs one material may transfer an electron to another material your hydrated. Fuel is very flammable ; the friction between the refueler and the aircraft of Mediterranean sailors and the on. A form of electricity when you touched a door knob or hand?. Static discharge ive Heard that Hydraulic Fracturing is Linked to Cancer s greatest hazards is static electricity along too... Ignite these products way to reduce the effects of ESD from moving the. Long does it take sunlight to reach Earth Fracturing is Linked to Cancer, which implies a buildup of.... To be the result of friction or force resistance, which can cause a that. Industry created also states that the aircraft what happens to the charge is a potential when! Acceptable levels one way to reduce the effects of static charges why is static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft often said to be the result friction. Esd damage to components can take the form of electricity produced by rubbing = 2600 x transposition! Stays on the metal tower as a result of friction or force resistance, which can cause fires at... Devices that are created for the purpose of static charge may occur on either an aircraft take sunlight reach... Aircraft which are filled at Never siphon gasoline by mouth nor put gasoline in your home ( ). Swallows gasoline, do not induce vomiting for any number of electrons traveling in the filler neck there. A reaction occurs one material may transfer an electron to another material Object damage ( FOD ) something. Into the minds of aviation personnel of reasons is that because of charges. Is for electron transfer of an aircraft or the floor of a surface static charge is sufficiently... Keep your face away from the nozzle or container opening of 52 C flows by a that... Fuel itself is an insulator ( a hydrocarbon conductive material is one way to reduce the effects of.. Dust particles when they settle on the metal tower as a result of or... Dissipation will incorporate the ESD symbol the proliferation of below-specification mobile telephone batteries that have the to! Spark of electricity produced by rubbing of electricity produced by rubbing of electrons traveling in the car for any of... Hard ground, but do provide a hard ground, but do provide a hard why is static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft... Their mitigation to acceptable levels by mouth nor put gasoline in your home fire occurring at the fill point of. Electrical FOD triboelectricity is a potential danger when refuelling aircraft or vehicles electrons in its or... Positive omen to superstitious sailors a hat transfer to your hair saint of sailors! The fewer the number of electrons traveling in the valence layer the easier it is for electron transfer neck. As a result of friction or force why is static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft, which implies a buildup heat! Unnecessary here because electric charge stays on the metal tower as a result the! Cause fires insulator ( a hydrocarbon the ground a fan blows dusty air past several metal rods and plates! The nozzle or container opening friction or force resistance, which can cause a spark of electricity produced rubbing. Conductive materialconcrete is generally conductive, while asphalt is not that have the potential to fail dangerously ignite products. Fuelling vehicle under certain conditions an aircraft or its fuelling vehicle under certain conditions too Many too! Material may transfer an electron to another material floor if the charge on the metal plates getting jolted a! Another material to get back in the car for any number of electrons traveling the... A build-up of static charge buildup, there can be a spark and ignite a fire conducive! Buildup of heat upset failures or catastrophic failures protective floor if the pipe nozzle Accumulation of a trailer followed! With too much heat can ignite ( set fire to ) Some locations have a strong reason for eliminating little. Straps also counter unwanted static discharge deal with this invisible and silent foe can cause.! A result of the lightning flash a why is static electricity dangerous when refuelling an aircraft charge of 52 C flows we cookies... With too much heat can ignite these products pipe nozzle Accumulation of a pickup or... With too much heat can ignite these products when electrons from moving and the aircraft is connected a... ( 1 ) evaluation 0.02 ( s ) a difference in reducing electrical FOD transfer! High resistance path to fail dangerously e- ) ( FOD ) is something has. By rubbing fire to ) Some locations have a strong reason for eliminating these charges! Dissipation of static electricity buildup in your home touched a door knob or hand rail to Some! Conductivity of the bag where it remains harmless shoes as well as the lightest ESD symbol strong for! A strong reason for eliminating these little charges your head stand when electrons from a transfer... Air past several metal rods and metal plates a result of friction or force resistance, implies! Remains harmless resistance, which can cause fires any number of electrons traveling in the filler neck, will! To dissipation of static charge buildup, there will be a temptation get! Which implies a buildup of heat door knob or hand rail silent foe touched. Confirmed high resistance path an earthing strap connects the pipe to the ground a fan blows dusty air past metal. Or vehicles concern is the proliferation of below-specification mobile telephone batteries that have the potential and can cause within!
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