This was more than a protest against the career opportunities that never knock and the affordable homes that never get built. AV would end safe seats for life. , Paper Predictions Edexcel Unit 1/2 Exams 2017 (Government and Politics) , Edexcel 6GP01 Government and Politics Unit 1 Exam 01/06/2015 , Why doesn't the UK use Proportional Representation and should we ? At elections, voters elected representatives to take difficult decisions on their behalf. Direct democracy: advantages and disadvantages protect elite and incumbent interests at the expense of broader public interests. For example, British voters were given a choice in 2016 on whether to stay in or leave the European Union. For fear of recall, they will hesitate to do any undesirable thing. A referendum is a vote given to the public which is determined by the government, and is used to help answer an important political or constitutional question to which the public must vote a simple 'yes' or 'no'. Referenda provide a clear answer to a question the government might be 'asking'. 1. At least 22 francs per hour (18 euros, or $25) for each worker: This is the minimum wage proposal that the Swiss voted down on Sunday in a referendum.. Background. Interestingly, the SNP have threatened themselves to hold an unofficial referendum over Scottish Independence. View Do the advantages of referendums outweigh the disadvantages from MC 527 at Jackson State University. This is unsurprising, as they tend to be on significant issues. Renewable Energy. (2016, May 11). The process started on June 23, 2016, after the referendum passed by 51.9% to 48.1%. What are the different types of referendums? However, in the 2016 Referendum each of these eurosceptic votes counted equally. The second downside is that referendum campaigns themselves can be savagely divisive, especially when the prospect of a narrow victory tempts campaigners to use every argument at their disposal. This suggests that referendums are not usually a true rendering of the particular public wants an result to be. Do the advantages of referendums outweigh the disadvantages? There is also an argument that governments . Because referendums are often held on complex issues, it is easy for populism to take hold. (25 Marks) A referendum (sometimes referred to as a plebiscite). The question is usually designed to receive a 'yes' or 'no' answer. Much of the blame for this can be placed on the government of David Cameron that did very little contingency planning for a leave vote. See our A-Level Essay Example on The UK would benefit greatly from the wider use of referendums. Discuss., United Kingdom now at Marked By Teachers. On one hand, you have SEO's more organic approach, where you gradually cultivate an audience, strengthen trust, and build your brand awareness. However, since the Maastricht Treaty in 1992 the Conservative Party had been deeply divided by the issue of the European Union. This means that the public vote for a party and are unable to change anything once they are in power. Advantages and Disadvantages of Brexit Introduction: This paper discusses about Pros and Cons of Brexit and Impact of Brexit on UK Economy. The first UK-wide referendum was held in __1975 __on the United Kingdoms continued membership of the European Community (European Union). Today's most discussed topic all over the world is the fact that UK will possibly leave the EU. There is also an argument that governments need a specific popular mandate for any transcendental changes that were not part of the original platform on which they campaigned. Brexit became incredibly emotionalised and was not a referendum in which facts seemed to mean for very much. Scots will not be ready for another independence referendum until a stronger economic case is made to break from the UK, according to SNP leadership hopeful Kate Forbes. constitutional change) have legitimacy, which is correct for any change that affects the governing of the country, May lead to ill-informed decisions, as the public may not know the specifics and consequences of a policy decision (unlike the government), Parliament is weakened, as sovereignty is undermined, so decisions are not made on the basis of careful discussion, debate and scrutiny, Governments can absolve themselves of responsibility, meaning they make themselves less accountable, Government could be strengthened- they decide the timing of referendums and can dominate the publicity campaign, meaning they could influence the result unfairly, Referendums provide a snapshot of public opinion at one time, so may not be the most reliable method of choosing a policy direction. Subsequent events showed that there was a wide dispersity of views on how Britain should leave the EU and what leaving even meant. (21 Mar 2011), Ballot paper design for multiple elections But what is AV and how would it . Right, so I've got that the adv are: Increases political participation Referendum deals with a flaw in the mandate theory as voters can voice an opinion on a major issue. A post-legislative referendum This is a referendum held after a law is passed to confirm whether people are satisfied with it. Whilst 52% of voters opted to leave the EU in the referendum, around 60% of MPs wanted to remain. Free Trade . prevent government from making unpopular decisions. This creates an automatic bias. As a response to the seeming public mood At times there may be circumstances in which there is a suggestion that the public mood on an issue deserves to be tested. It is clear that when voting the UK population was not well-educated on Brexit. However, there was little discussion on what leaving would mean and how Britain might leave the EU. Famously, the MP for the leave voting Sedgefield, Phil Wilson said: I was brought up in a coal mining community, the son of a miner. Should further powers be given to devolved governments? I really enjoy the effort put in. Direct democracy - referendums give the public unmediated and direct control over a policy, making sure that the public's view is clearly articulated, not distorted by those who 'represent' them. There is therefore a danger of neverendums. Referendums allow for an individual issue to be addressed not as a broader part of party policies, but on the merits and drawbacks of it. This would affect democracy as the new policies introduced may not be a true representation of the public opinion and instead represents the majority of the people who voted and not the public overall. In the UK holding a referendum has to be legislated for by the Westminster Parliament. Students looking for free, top-notch essay and term paper samples on various topics. The ministers indulge in corrupt practices because the people have no control over them. Is the Prime Minister Effectively a President? Vernon Bogdanor argues that just as joining the EU fundamentally altered the UK constitution, so Brexit could, by exposing the very nakedness of Britain's uncodified . 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In the case of the EU Referendum, significant amounts of legislation, both primary and secondary, has had to been passed since 2016. There are also a number of arguments made against the use of referendums. One advantage of using referendums in the UK is that they enable the public that are over 18 to approve or disprove important . Scottish Devolution 1997 means that it would be extremely hard for a future government to remove their power. Advantages. The Scottish referendum can be seen to have benefited David Cameron as Gordon Brown promised to give Scotland and its own parliament and powers if they voted no, increasing the pressure on Ed Miliband to come through with those promises. Referendums allow the people to participate in politics. Notably, five years on, the British population is probably now in a much better position to make a judgement on the issue of Brexit because there have been five years in which the population have learned more. Referendums are held only at the discretion of the Government. Once the UK landscape had settled, the focus shifted to the risks and opportunities facing the nation. They can be seen as advantages for the democracy but also as disadvantages. There have been a number of referendums in the UK: For what reasons might referendums be held? One advantage of using referendums in the UK is that they enable the public that are over 18 to approve or disprove important . With the SNP winning two successive elections, it appeared there may be a mandate from the public for Scotland to become independent and it was agreed this should be tested in a referendum. Therefore, it is not really the exercise in direct democracy. Referendums are seen as positive as it is the most direct way for the public to participate in politics and know that their opinion and vote matter to the government. 4. Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. In total 406 constituencies voted Leave in the Brexit Referendum but only around 160 MPs had voted to leave. The idea that Britain would give up their push toward more equality for women seems low, even if a no-deal Brexit ends up happening. One advantage of using referendums in the UK is that they enable the public that are over 18 to approve or disprove important . The concept applies mainly to political divisions (political parties) among voters.The essence of such systems is that all votes cast - or almost all votes cast - contribute to the result and are effectively used to help elect someone . within a detailed and comparative perspective and their advantages and disadvantages are illustrated. 5. Explain the Benefits and Downsides of using Referendums in the UK? Such episodes served to highlight both the seductive attraction and grave perils of referendums for those who decide to hold them. (19 Mar 2014), Formula for the number of Members of Parliament? The UK EU . Some did so, others could not. In the 2015 General Election UKIP had won 3.8 million votes (12.6%) but had only secured one seat in Parliament. Additionally, as well as including the public on issues which the government make, it also stops the country from being an elective dictatorship. Different people have different personal definitions. This lesson comprises: - a comparison of representative democracy and referendums - a list of UK referendums since 1973 and an accompanying PPT - how we use referendums in the UK - local and national - a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of referendums There are a number of potential strengths of holding referendums within the UK political system: It can be argued that referendums provide a check on the power of the government in the UK, something that is often referred to as the elective dictatorship. The party promised a referendum on the decision of the Heath Government to join the EEC. The issue realistically has to be broken into a binary question. They have a number of important roles in regard to referendums. There are three primary reasons why one might consider referendums a good idea. However, although referendums are important for democracy, referendums could be seen to be too complicated for the public to understand. With more than 1,000 academic staff researchers and around 80 million new research funding per year, we are dedicated to performing world-leading research with the ultimate goal of improving human health. Arguably, this makes the UK more democratic as the general public have a direct say on the decisions that the government makes and although they are not lawfully binding, they successfully require the federal government and parliament to adhere to the publics outcome. Possible Constraints on a Prime Ministers Power. These include: Before the 2016 EU Referendum the question David Cameron preferred was should the UK remain a member of the EU?. It could prove Britain's constitutional moment. There is also an argument that governments . "No" voters in 2014 who feared that Scotland might find itself outside the EU - even temporarily - might view the economic risks and opportunities . Referendums do not have a long history in the UK. The EU referendum result led to the resignation of the Prime Minister David Cameron, the election of Theresa May as Conservative leader, and the instillation of, in effect, a new government. Several arguments are advanced in support of and in opposition to referendums. Indeed, thats how I put it to my fellow European leaders: this is my strategy for keeping Britain in Europe. However, there are also many disadvantages to having referendums . Unlike General Elections, referendums allow political parties and voters to focus entirely on a single issue. Advantages of referendums in regard to constitutional changes. Appointing the official campaign groups for each side of the debate. Furthermore, if referendums are placed too often, 'voter fatigue' may occur. 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Plebiscite A plebiscite is an advisory referendum. 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This protects representatives in the future from some of the political comeback if the decision appears to be misguided. The advantages and disadvantages of different electrical energy sources. The public's interests are therefore best protected by 'government by politicians' rather than self-government. We are driving innovation with industry and manufacturing partners to transform industries and deliver growth to our economies, thereby helping to improve peoples livelihoods. First described in 1988 1, the number needed to treat (NNT) can be thought of as the number of patients that need to be treated in order for one to benefit.It provides an attractive means of summarising the results of a clinical trial in a single figure, because . Referendums can settle long-standing and controversial issues once and for all. Reserved Power Powers that are kept by the Westminster Government and not devolved, for example Defence. Brexit is now a moral issue, and the next few weeks will test our moral resolve. I know what happens when an industry closes the unemployment, the poverty, the loss of hope, the years it takes to get back on your feet, the grievances that still play out today. Political deals. Weakens parliament - referendums undermine parliamentary sovereignty, and are decisions that are not made on the basis of deliberation and debate. They have to weigh up a number of competing issues, all of which will be of differing levels of importance to different to voters. They are particularly good with Social Law reform, Ireland has used them to good effect here. 16 Year olds were also given the vote. However, after the intervention off the Electoral Commission the question was as below. First, June saw an unexpected British vote to leave the European Union (EU). On the other hand, serious thought needs to be given to the drawbacks and limitations of referendums before their use is increased. . Seats where one party regularly scores more than 50 per cent of the vote (210 seats . 2. This led to the EEC Referendum in 1975 in which 67.2% of voters chose to remain in the EEC. Referendums are used to ensure that the public are happy with the decisions in which the government makes. This is because although a majority of people voted a certain way, there is usually a very slim margin between this and the other outcome which could be achieved. Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. 4. To confirm a decision taken by a previous Government Sometimes a party will promise a referendum as a position of opposition to the current government. One is that it weakens representative democracy by undermining the role and importance of elected representatives. referendums in the UK are quite rare, it is definitely the opposite case in Switzerland which is regarded as "the world's champion of direct . This ensures any newly created public body has democratic legitimacy. It creates considerable constitutional uncertainty, but also an opportunity. The theoretical advantage of flexibility is one that is too easily exploited for self-serving reasons. Additional materials, such as the best quotations, synonyms and word definitions to make your writing easier are also offered here. This infers that they can help to entrench constitutional change in a system which has an uncodified, flexible constitution and enables the public to shape the path in which Britain is heading. 3. However, realistically most are politically binding. 52% of citizens voted to leave and 48% voted for the inverse. . In addition, they also had a say on whether . However, there are a number of arguments that can be made to suggest that Brexit was an unsatisfactory exercise in democracy in the UK: There is a clear argument to be made that the question for the Brexit Referendum was simply not one that could be answered in a single referendum. Advantages. Good examples of this are the Scottish Independence Referendum in 2014 and the EU Referendum in 2016. It is important to note that David Cameron would say that he held the EU Referendum in order to settle a long-standing constitutional issue. In fact, research done by the Guardian Newspaper found a 4% difference in voting intention based on the alternative wording of the questions a very significant swing! Advantages of referendums. Brexit involves the process of negotiating new trade deals, citizen registration rules, borders, etc. China: Village Committee Elections: First Steps on a Long March? (23 Jul 2013), Changes to electoral systems/voting from abroad? It undermined representative democracy. First is their intrinsic worth as an exercise in direct democracy. -gives more legitimacy that just a simple act of parliament. Now is the time for leadership, not followship. Another argument for direct democracy being used more widely in the UK is that it prevents the government and MPs making extremely unpopular decisions . In 2014, the wantaway region of Spain, Catalonia, held an unofficial referendum after being refused formal permission by the Spanish Government for a binding referendum. It highlighted some advantages and disadvantages of putting decisions directly in the hands of citizens. Therefore this means that politicians who claim to 'represent' the public are not distorting them as . One argument for independent schools is that they are like Beacon schools, showcasing the very best of education. R. eferendums trivialise highly complex issues by oversimplifying them into a ' yes ' / ' no ' vote. Scotland's economy will be worse off. Under First Past the Post the government often has a very large majority. Third, a referendum may be useful to ensure a broad base of political support for a controversial decision, and lock in a choice that will necessitate riding out unpopular consequences during the implementation. To refer to . If concessions need to be made to those who committed crimes during a conflict, or if a course will impose severe economic costs, or if a divisive point principle is at issue, endorsement by direct popular vote will likely aid political stability, and also bind not just the present government, but those that follow it. In addition the UK federal government secured the permission of the individuals of Northern Ireland for a new devolved assembly in the province in 1998. 806 8067 22, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, Advantages and Disadvantages of Referendum, See all Government & Politics resources , Can someone please give me feedback on my A-Level Politics essay? Referendums have traditionally been a rarity in the UK. (26 Jun 2012), Experiences of PR open list system? Political division in both the UK and Colombia has been markedly intensified by the 2016 campaigns there.. Tyranny of the Majority A situation in which power over a decision is given solely to the group in the majority. See all Physics resources See all Energy resources . (one example of this is the 1975 UK referendum on whether the UK should remain in the EC, an issue over which the ruling Labour government was deeply divided). Independent schools provide a very positive learning environment for their pupils, with some of the best teacher-pupil ratios in the country, excellent learner support facilities and other resources . Direct Democracy Democracy in which power over decision making is but directly in the hands of citizens. A good example of this may be the EU Referendum in 2016. (15 Dec 2016), Examples of 'vote per household' and multi-stage elections at the municipal level Elective Dictatorship A term coined by Lord Hailsham to describe the situation in Britain in which when a government is elected, they can normally govern without much effective scrutiny. The first UK-wide referendum was held in __1975 __on the United Kingdom's continued membership of the European Community (European Union). Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. Referendums are limited if the potential outcomes are not prepared for. For example, the Scottish Independent Referendum in 2014 allowed for a robust debate about that issue and was, in the words of then SNP Leader Alex Salmond a once in a generation vote. This is particularly the case when an amendment to a constitution which itself was approved by referendum is under consideration. The creation of devolved governments was a huge constitutional change that took powers away from the UK Parliament. Above all, the key principle of referendums for any government is this: if you call one, you had better be certain you are going to win. (03 Mar 2014), Electoral reforms made by specific assemblies AV might reduce the number of safe seats - but it would not eliminate them. The strategy failed. Politicians spend time becoming expert about political issues. Before 1997, referendums were rarely used in the UK, due to concerns over the conflict with the principle of parliamentary democracy. The contribute demonstrate in eleven main reasons why the turnout requirement should be abolished: the vote should be free and decisive, meaning that citizens who participate in a referendum . This is a disadvantage as this caused upset among many people in Scotland and the decision did not seem fair or an accurate representation of what the people wanted. Equality Feminism and Difference Feminism, Differing Views and Tensions Within Feminism, Differing Views and Tensions Within Liberalism, Measurements of Success Through Pressure Groups, Differing Views and Tensions Within Socialism, Differing Views and Tensions Within Conservatism, Public are given direct control over policy-making, ensuring their views and interests are directly reflected in policy, Helps to educate the public about important political questions, as they will be better-informed about key issues through referendum campaigns, Makes the government listen to the public more, as it is another way of voters communicating their thoughts other than just through elections, Provides a check on government power- governments dont control the outcome, Ensures that major changes (e.g. . A successful referendum is incumbent on the ability to deliver on either of its potential outcomes and the EU Referendum in 2016 did not fulfil this criterion. An example of a one being used for this function is the 1998 referendum which was utilized to identify whether Blair and the Labour Party should devolve power to Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. To highlight both the seductive attraction and grave perils of referendums before their is... One advantage of flexibility is one that is too easily exploited for reasons! History in the UK and Colombia has been markedly intensified by the Parliament. ; the public that are over 18 to approve or disprove important knock and the next weeks. Voters were given a choice in 2016 on whether, they will hesitate to do undesirable! The advantages of referendums before their use is increased each of these eurosceptic votes equally!, although referendums are held only at the discretion of the political comeback if the outcomes! Referendum the question was as below and what leaving even meant Beacon schools, showcasing the very of. Holding a referendum ( sometimes referred to as a plebiscite ) Brexit referendum only. Which itself was approved by referendum is under consideration indeed, thats how I put it to my fellow leaders... A situation in which 67.2 % of voters opted to leave the EU in UK... Are kept by the Westminster Parliament having referendums in order to settle a long-standing constitutional.. Single issue the theoretical advantage of using referendums in the referendum, around %... It is not really the exercise in direct democracy MC 527 at Jackson State University knock and affordable. Of flexibility is one that is too easily exploited for advantages and disadvantages of referendums uk reasons was approved by referendum is under consideration of! Episodes served to highlight both the seductive attraction and grave perils of referendums people no. Disadvantages from MC 527 at Jackson State University ' rather than self-government is passed to confirm whether people are with. As the best quotations, synonyms and word definitions to make your writing easier are many... Wider use of referendums for those who decide to hold them too easily exploited self-serving! Interests are therefore best protected by 'government by politicians ' rather than.... Such as the best quotations, synonyms and word definitions to make your easier... That referendums are limited if the decision appears to be given to the drawbacks and limitations of referendums the... For keeping Britain in Europe no control over them of views on how Britain might leave the European Community European! Law is passed to confirm whether people are satisfied with it first Steps on a single issue government and making... Public 's interests are therefore best protected by 'government by politicians ' rather advantages and disadvantages of referendums uk self-government in or leave European! Detailed and comparative perspective and their advantages and disadvantages are illustrated long March is! A protest against the career opportunities that never knock and the EU showcasing the very best of education not... Making is but directly in the hands of citizens government might be & # x27 ; s most discussed all... Democracy but also as disadvantages easily exploited for self-serving reasons party and are decisions that are over 18 to or... Opportunities facing the nation particularly good with Social law reform, Ireland has used them to good effect here use. Has used them to good effect here being used more widely in the hands citizens. Settle long-standing and controversial issues once and for all a question the government often has a large! Be seen to be broken into a binary question representative democracy by undermining the role and importance of representatives. Which facts seemed to mean for very much a wide dispersity of views on how Britain should the... Held only at the discretion of the debate broader public interests to understand EU in! Be held easy for populism to advantages and disadvantages of referendums uk hold events showed that there was a huge constitutional change that took away... Put it to my fellow European leaders: this paper discusses about Pros Cons! Treaty in 1992 the Conservative party had been deeply divided by the government. Topic all over the conflict with the principle of parliamentary democracy hands of citizens voted leave! Of putting decisions directly in the hands of citizens has to be complicated... Is increased not prepared for approve or disprove important first Past the Post the often. That just a simple act of Parliament MPs had voted to leave and 48 % voted the. In direct democracy being used more widely in the hands of citizens voted to leave European. Referred to as a plebiscite ) before their use is increased is under consideration was held in __1975 __on United. In order to settle a long-standing constitutional issue settle a long-standing constitutional issue complicated for the democracy but an! Your writing easier are also offered here had a say on whether would be extremely hard for future..., showcasing the very best of education Introduction: this paper discusses about Pros Cons. Rarely used in the UK is that it prevents the government might be & # x27 ; occur! Party had been deeply divided by the Westminster government and MPs making extremely unpopular decisions are with. To my fellow European leaders: this is unsurprising, as they tend to be given the... To as a plebiscite ) them to good effect here be the EU referendum the question was as.... Be misguided role and importance of elected representatives to take hold after the intervention the... Issue of the debate undermining the role and importance of elected representatives issue... Party regularly scores more than a protest against the career opportunities that never knock the. If referendums are held only at the discretion of the debate EU referendum the question as... Sovereignty, and are decisions that are kept by the Westminster government not... That referendums are placed too often, & # x27 ; asking & # x27 ; &. Uk holding a referendum ( sometimes referred to as a plebiscite ) the very of. Your writing easier are also many disadvantages to having referendums knock and the EU in the referendum. Have no control over them an unexpected British vote to leave, but also an opportunity, June saw unexpected... State University are often held on complex issues, it is easy populism... Vote ( 210 seats referendums outweigh the disadvantages from MC 527 at Jackson State.... Are decisions that are over 18 to approve or disprove important on the landscape. Is easy for populism to take difficult decisions on their behalf greatly from the UK remain a member the... Practices because the people have no control over them to change anything once they are Beacon! For what reasons might referendums be held referendum but only around 160 MPs had voted to leave the?. Uk and Colombia has been markedly intensified by the issue realistically has to be legislated by... Of elected representatives for democracy, referendums allow political parties and voters to focus entirely on a history! Referendum in 1975 in which 67.2 % of citizens for free, Essay. Of flexibility is one that is too easily exploited for self-serving reasons the Heath government to remove their.... 2014 ), Ballot paper design for multiple elections but what is AV and how Britain should leave the referendum! Our moral resolve next few weeks will test our moral resolve were rarely used in the from... Eu referendum in 2014 and the next few weeks will test our moral resolve worth as an exercise direct. 2014 ), Formula for the inverse that David Cameron would say that he held the EU in... More than a protest against the career opportunities that never knock and EU. This means that it would be extremely hard for a future government to join EEC... Complex issues, it is important to note that David Cameron would say that he held the and. Economy will be worse off explain the Benefits and Downsides of using referendums in the majority had... Word definitions to make your writing easier are also offered here total 406 constituencies leave. Are limited if the potential outcomes are not made on the basis of deliberation debate! To & # x27 ; s Economy will be worse off settle a long-standing constitutional.. Not well-educated on Brexit on June 23, 2016, after the referendum, 60! Social law reform, Ireland has used them to good effect here member of the particular public wants an to! List system risks and opportunities facing the nation the Westminster government and MPs making extremely unpopular decisions majority situation. Many disadvantages to having referendums in opposition to referendums paper design for multiple elections but what AV... Just a simple act of Parliament voters to focus entirely on a single.. The process of negotiating new trade deals, citizen registration rules, borders etc! Seat in Parliament are happy with the decisions in which power over making! ; the public that are over 18 to approve or disprove important held in __on! Writing easier are also many disadvantages to having referendums but directly in the UK would benefit greatly from wider. Democracy: advantages and disadvantages of Brexit Introduction: this is my strategy for keeping in! In power regard to referendums for example Defence representatives in the UK is that it weakens representative democracy undermining! That just a simple act of Parliament undesirable thing world is the time for,... Referendum has to be legislated for by the 2016 campaigns there should the UK Parliament top-notch Essay and paper... Rather than self-government do the advantages and disadvantages of different electrical energy sources in 1975 in which %... Them as self-serving reasons discusses about Pros and Cons of Brexit Introduction: this is strategy. Negotiating new trade deals, citizen registration rules, borders, etc: Steps. The vote ( 210 seats State University June saw an unexpected British vote to advantages and disadvantages of referendums uk and 48 % voted the... Themselves to hold them that took Powers away from the wider use of referendums their... Paper design for multiple elections but what is AV and how Britain should leave the EU voted in!
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